Homogeneous mixture: Substances which dissolve with each other thoroughly to form a uniform mixture is called homogeneous mixture.
Eg: Water + Salt.
Solutions: A homogeneous mixture formed with two or more substances is called as solution.
Components: Substances present in solution are called as components. Solvent: A component which is larger in quantity in a solution is called solvent.
Eg: Water in salt water.
Solute: A component which is less in quantity in a solution is called solute.
Eg: Salt in salt water
Aqueous Solution: If the solvent in a solution is water, the solution is called as aqueous solution.
Types of Solution: Solution are divided into unsaturated, saturated and super saturated solutions based on the solubility of the solute.
Note: Super saturated solution is more unstable.
Solubility: The maximum amount of solute by weight in grams in 100 grams of solvent at constant temperature is called the solubility of that substance.
Eg: Solubility of certain compounds at 30°C.
(a) Nature of solute & solvent.
(b) Temperature.
Generally polar substances dissolve in polar solvents, but not in a non-polar solvents. In the same manner non-polar substances dissolve in non-polar solvents but not in polar solvents.
Eg (1): Copper Sulphate is a polar solute. Hence it dissolves in water which is also a polar solvent. But the same copper sulphate doesn't dissolve in kerosene as kerosene is a non-polar solvent.
Eg (2): Naphthalene is a non-polar solute. Hence it dissolves in kerosene which is also a non-polar solvent. But the same Naphthalene doesn't dissolve in water which is a polar solvent.
Solubility of KOH, NaNO3, KNO3, NH4Cl increase with the increase in temperature.
Solubility of Ce2(SO4)3 and all gases decrease as the temperature increases.
Effect of temperature is negligible with respect to NaCl solubility.
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